The Human Genome Project is the biggest scientific project in human history and a major factor in changing the world-view of human societies. The results of this scientific project has lead to the discovery of genetic make-up of human and other organisms (Viruses, Bacteria, Plants, Animals). In experimental sciences, these discoveries have had a significant impact and have influenced fields such as law, philosophy and psychology. Due to the significance of the issue, many scientific and research centers in the fields of human sciences have studied the consequences of using the new genomic sciences, especially in the fields of law and ethics. The world experts in ethics and law collectively believe that the power of genetics and genomics technologies in early detection before birth, gender selection, diagnosis and treatment of diseases before birth and during life, enhancement of life in the present generation and future generations, delaying death, privacy of genetic information of individuals and their relatives, forecasting diseases and potentials in physical and non-physical realms have the potential to change the foundations of many ethical and legal foundations that human societies have known as facts throughout history.

Nowadays, human rights education is of great concern for the international community in promoting the respect to human rights. However, inattention to the challenges and obstacles that can encounter education process with inefficiency would cause failure in achieving the goals of education. Identification and applying effective and appropriate means according to local capacities in each region would provide the requirements to overcome the existing and perceived challenges and obstacles. Dual challenge of the discourse of religion and human rights in Muslim societies is a barrier to development of human rights education paying attention to which seems necessary in finding proper and appropriate means and mechanisms for human rights education in these societies based on their capacities. These capacities can be examined in two categories. The first category is the general capacity of Muslim communities, including non-governmental organizations, as well as academic legal clinics and the clinical education method of human rights that is recognized as an effective method to the core elements of human rights education in accordance with international documents in all societies. The second category is the specific capacities of Muslim communities which can considerably contribute to the promotion of human rights through localization of human rights clinical education, resolving the challenges meeting the university law clinics and increasing their effectiveness regarding human rights education in these societies. The present paper, through describing and analyzing mainly-library-based data, aims to investigate the quality of the function of general capacities and tries to identify and present the specific ones such as Waqf institution, mosques and the educational role of Muslim clerics.

The rain can be regarded as one of the most important natural resources, and human survival is largely dependent on it. If there was not about 31.536 km3 of rainfall on earth, the earth should have changed to an arid desert. However, today the rainfall has become a matter of danger in some parts of the world due to the advent of acid rains. For example, acid rains are seen around power plants, factories, and the like" because of the mixture of rain with pollutants in the air which in turn produces nitric and sulphuric acids. However, the impacts of acid rains are not limited to what mentioned above; they play essential role in the problem of environmental degradation in many areas of the world. This paper is a focus on the problem of acid rain and its production and impacts, through which some recommendations are finally being presented.

Global society is characterized by its philosophical, ethical and religious disagreements. What are the implications of the doctrinal conflict for the understanding of a conception of human rights? In this paper, I briefly explain John Rawls’ conception of human rights, which is distinct from and narrower than his conception of justice (i. e., justice as fairness). Rawls conceives human rights as minimal, but necessary requirements of justice – although not sufficient from a liberal point of view – that can be satisfied by various political systems. Rawls argues that human rights are common to all peoples, since they are compatible with all reasonable political morality, including those of both “ liberal” and “ decent hierarchical” peoples. The central idea of Rawls’ account is that, a conception of human rights suitable for a pluralistic world must be independent from controversial philosophical, ethical or religious doctrines. Such a conception must serve as the object of an overlapping consensus among different ethical and religious traditions; each may offer the different lines of argument.

We are... So, to reframe the inquiry: who are we on a metaphysical level? Which aspects of ourselves are the most universally representative of who we are? How do we fare in the face of the passage of time? For decades, philosophers have debated the concept of diachronic personal identity, which focuses on the question of what keeps us alive. An intricate debate has developed between those who hold the body view (animalism) and those who hold the psychological view (memory) on the question of who we are. The two groups will eventually become so firmly set in their views that they will be unable to compromise. Hylomorphic animalism, or the view that humans are rational animals, living bodies made of prime matter and a rational soul, is an alternative answer to this divisive question that I propose in this study, following in the footsteps of Aristotle and Aquinas. We only survive if matter and rational souls do.

Human societies are considered as a part of ecosystems. The interaction between human societies and ecosystems has consequences for them. Desert ecosystem is one of the common ecosystems in arid regions of Iran. In desert, phenomena such as drought affect the lives of human societies. The present study analyzes the effect of hydrological drought on resilience of human communities in Yazd province. Hydrological drought was studied based on river flow index and resilience of human communities using economic, social and environmental criteria by using principal component analysis method. The factor was calculated based on the values of the rotated matrix and the eigenvector values. Multiple linear regression analysis of drought effects on factors was investigated. Analysis of the relationship between drought and resilience indicates a significant relationship between them. The most affected sectors by drought were economic, social and environmental, respectively. The most important economic losses were the variables of employment share in services and industry sectors, rural income and cost, irrigated agriculture, area under cultivation, urban cost, participatory economy rate. The overall results of combining the drought index with socio-economic and environmental indicators indicate an increase in vulnerability and a decrease in the resilience of human societies due to drought. Lifestyle and direct dependence on ecosystem resources should be reconsidered. In other words, generating processing, conversion and complementary industries, extends the chain of drought dependence and exploitation to reduce drought fluctuations. Diversifying the use of ecosystem services and replacing them in times of drought events can increase the resiliency of human societies.

Climate can easily be considered as the most important factor affecting human life and the life of human societies. Perhaps the importance of the climate in human life has never been stressed as much as it is today in macroeconomic-social debates. Nonetheless, even today, many decision-makers of macroeconomic issues are not that cognizant of the importance of this issue. Now, most experts of political, economic, social and environmental issues present climate change as one of the most complex and influential issues in various areas of human life. They also predict that this issue will bring about different problems and consequences for human societies, depending on their economic, social and environmental context, especially in economic terms. Although the issue of climatic fluctuations and their economic impact on human life is not a new issue, the issue has recently taken a different turn. The financial costs incurred by climatic fluctuations will be very heavy and even irreparable for some areas and countries. In total, climate change is expected to impose, either directly or indirectly, significant economic impacts on human societies in various fields – especially agriculture, tourism, energy, human health, labor productivity, employment, economic growth, rising poverty, and increasing immigration, among others. However, the economic impact of climate change will not be equal and alike the world over. In other words, for some regions, climate change can be considered as a geo-economic opportunity and economic advantage, especially in the world economy and economic relations; in contrast, climate change for many regions and developing countries with very hot and dry weather is a geographical and economic crisis and bankruptcy. Due to the importance of the subject, this article tries to study the economic effects of climate change through a descriptive-analytical method. The issue is studied due to the fact that the literature of climate change in the Persian language is scarce; as well, from the climatic and economic point of view, Iran is one of the most vulnerable areas for climate change.

Background: Ameloblastoma an odontogenic tumor of ectodermal origin has been reported to arise, on rare occasions, in a primordial or dentigerous cyst of a young person. Numerous authors have suggested differing nomenclatures for these ameloblastomas and have sought to describe and classify the clinical and histopathologic features. These tumors have been characterized as a distinct variant exhibiting less aggressive behavior and a lower rate of recurrence than conventional ameloblastoma.Aims: This study was designed to look at the Human papilloma virus as a caurse for Ameloblastoma.Materials and Methods: Samples of Ameloblastoma tumors were traced from the filing system in path lab Beheshti Dental School. Using PCR technique a search was carried out to dated HPV in DNA of samples.Results: There was a clear relationship between the rates of HPV in Ameloblastoma cases.Conclusion: HPV could be a preparing factor for Ameloblastoma.

Man, as the most central basis of the educational system in any school, has replaced God on earth, and the acquisition of this title has been due to the power of reason and consciousness in him. But having this power does not mean that all his choices and beliefs during his life are free from any mistakes, but in the struggle against choices, doubts and doubts have always entered his mind. The entry of these suspicions is not under his control and there is no escape from it. Even if human beings are prevented from expressing these doubts from within, sometimes there are external factors that cause suspicions and suspicious thoughts. When those factors and principles exist, imaginativeness is found in human beings. Some of these notions make man so delusional that they turn away from reality and consider truth to be only what they cultivate in their thoughts and minds, and even as a result of these notions they become sinful. The teachings of Islam have considered several factors such as: intellectual and doctrinal weakness, incorrect prejudices, shortness of breath, following the devil, lack of knowledge, ignorance and doubt to be effective in the emergence of fantasy.

Climate change and its associated risks are among the greatest challenges of the 21st century, with effects that extend beyond the environment to significantly impact both physical and mental health. The increased incidence of respiratory, cardiovascular, infectious, and mental health disorders resulting from the climate hazards disproportionately affects vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and individuals with underlying health conditions. The research indicates that rising  of global temperatures, air pollution, and prolonged heatwaves can influence the distribution of water- and vector-borne diseases, leading to the spread of illnesses like Malaria, Cholera, and other infections caused by the contaminated water resources. Urban and industrial communities experience heightened rates of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while tropical and semi-tropical regions face increased heat-related mortality, reduced labor productivity, and higher healthcare costs. This research aims to examine both the direct and indirect effects of climate change and its associated risks on human health. In addition to analyzing current challenges, it proposes solutions such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving healthcare systems, raising public awareness and education, implementing integrated governance, and fostering collective participation to enhance community resilience against climate impacts. Overall, the goal of current research is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the linkage between climate change and public health and to propose strategies for mitigating its negative impacts.